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9th Grade Language Arts ELA Review Games






Identify the Central Idea
Distinguish Central Idea from Topic
Restating the Central Idea Accurately
Supporting the Central Idea with Key Details
Central Ideas in Short Informational Passages
Identify Relevant Supporting Details
Distinguish Relevant from Irrelevant Details
Evaluate the Strength of Supporting Details
Identify Evidence Types in Informational Text
Supporting Details & Evidence
Identify Cause & Effect Structure
Identify Compare & Contrast Structure
Identify Problem & Solution Structure
Identify Sequence & Chronological Structure
Analyze How Structure Supports Meaning
Informational Text Structure in Short Passages
Identify Author's Purpose
Analyze Language That Reveals Purpose
Identify Author's Point of View
Analyze How Point of View Shapes Information
Author's Purpose & Point of View
Identify Claims in Informational Text
Distinguish Claims from Facts
Evaluate Evidence Supporting Claims
Identify Missing or Weak Evidence
Claims & Evidence in Informational Text
Identify Logical Connections Between Ideas
Analyze Cause and Effect Reasoning
Identify Assumptions in Reasoning
Evaluate the Soundness of Reasoning
Reasoning & Logic in Informational Text
Identify Bias in Informational Text
Distinguish Fact from Opinion in Informational Text
Evaluate Source Credibility in Context
Identify Loaded or Emotional Language
Bias, Credibility & Reliability
Compare Central Ideas Across Short Passages
Compare Evidence Across Texts
Compare Author's Purpose or Point of View
Compare Informational Texts
Identify a Thesis Statement
Identify an Argument Claim
Identify a Controlling Idea in Informative Writing
Distinguish a Thesis or Claim from Supporting Details
Matching a Thesis or Claim to a Prompt
Thesis Statements, Claims & Controlling Ideas
Identify the Purpose of an Introduction
Identify Topic Sentences
Analyze Logical Order of Ideas
Identify Effective Transitions
Identify the Most Effective Conclusion
Analyze Organization & Coherence
Identify Evidence in a Draft
Distinguish Evidence from Commentary
Evaluate Evidence Relevance
Evaluate Evidence Sufficiency
Identify Missing Explanation
Analyze Evidence Use & Explanation
Identify Reasons Supporting a Claim
Evaluate Strength of Reasons
Identify Counterclaims
Identify Rebuttals
Evaluate Formal Tone in Arguments
Analyze Argument Writing Components
Identify the Main Explanation
Identify Definitions & Examples
Analyze Informative Text Structure
Evaluate Objectivity
Evaluate Precision of Language
Analyze Informative & Explanatory Writing
Identify Setting & Context
Identify Characterization Through Actions & Dialogue
Identify Sensory Details
Identify Conflict or Tension
Analyze Sequence & Pacing in Narratives
Evaluate Narrative Endings
Analyze Narrative Writing Techniques
Identify Sentence Errors That Affect Clarity
Identify Grammar & Usage Errors
Identify Punctuation & Mechanics Errors
Selecting the Best Edited Version of a Passage
Editing for Grammar & Conventions in Context
Identify the Main Claim
Identify a Position on an Issue
Distinguish Claim from Topic
Identify Subclaims
Identify the Call to Action
Identify Claims & Positions in Short Arguments
Identify Factual Statements
Identify Opinion Statements
Identify Interpretive Statements
Distinguish Fact from Opinion Using Language Cues
Distinguish Evidence from Opinion
Distinguish Fact, Opinion & Interpretation
Identify Statistics & Data Evidence
Identify Examples & Anecdotes
Identify Expert Testimony
Identify Definitions as Support
Identify the Purpose of Evidence
Identify Evidence Types & Their Roles
Identify Reasoning Statements
Distinguish Evidence from Reasoning
Identify Cause & Effect Reasoning
Identify Comparison Reasoning
Identify Generalization Reasoning
Reasoning That Connects Evidence to Claims
Identify the Argument Introduction
Identify Reasons in an Argument
Identify Evidence Placement
Identify a Concluding Statement
Identify Organizational Patterns in Arguments
Analyze Argument Structure in Short Texts
Identify a Counterclaim
Identify the Purpose of a Counterclaim
Identify a Rebuttal
Evaluate Rebuttal Relevance
Identify Concession Language
Counterarguments & Rebuttals
Identify Overgeneralization
Identify False Dilemma
Identify Circular Reasoning
Identify Ad Hominem Attacks
Identify Straw Man Arguments
Identify Logical Fallacies in Short Arguments
Identify Loaded or Emotional Language
Identify Tone Used to Persuade
Identify Word Choice That Signals Bias
Identify Rhetorical Questions
Identify Parallel Structure for Emphasis
Persuasive Language & Rhetorical Choices
Evaluate Claim Clarity
Evaluate Evidence Quality
Evaluate Reasoning Soundness
Evaluate Balance & Fairness
Identify the Strongest Support in an Argument
Evaluate Overall Argument Strength
Identify Complete Sentences
Identify Sentence Fragments
Identify Run On Sentences
Identify Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
Choosing Correct Sentence Punctuation
Sentence Boundaries & Sentence Types
Identify Subject Verb Agreement Errors
Agreement with Compound Subjects
Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns
Identify Verb Tense Shifts
Choosing Correct Verb Tense
Subject Verb Agreement & Verb Tense
Identify Pronoun Antecedents
Identify Unclear Pronoun Reference
Identify Pronoun Agreement Errors
Identify Pronoun Case Errors
Choosing Pronouns for Consistency
Pronouns & Antecedents
Identify Misplaced Modifiers
Identify Dangling Modifiers
Identify Ambiguous Modifiers
Choosing Precise Modifiers
Modifiers & Clear Meaning
Identify Comma Errors
Using Commas with Introductory Elements
Using Commas with Coordinating Conjunctions
Using Semicolons & Colons Correctly
Using Quotation Marks Correctly
Punctuation for Clarity
Identify Formal & Informal Language
Identify Wordiness & Redundancy
Identify Passive & Active Voice
Identify Tone Shifts
Choosing Strong Verbs for Precision
Grammar Choices That Affect Style & Tone
Identify Commonly Confused Words
Identify Capitalization Errors
Identify Apostrophe Errors
Identify Spelling & Hyphenation Errors
Choosing the Correct Sentence Version
Common Usage & Mechanics
Using Context Clues to Define Unknown Words
Using Contrast & Comparison Clues
Using Examples & Restatements as Clues
Choosing the Best Definition in Context
Verifying Meaning with Text Evidence
Determining Word Meaning Using Context
Identify Multiple Meaning Words in Context
Choosing the Correct Meaning for a Polysemous Word
Distinguish Literal & Figurative Uses of the Same Word
Analyze Shades of Meaning Between Similar Words
Multiple Meaning Words & Shades of Meaning
Interpreting Common Idioms in Context
Interpreting Figurative Phrases
Identify Personification & Its Meaning
Identify Metaphors & Similes
Choosing the Best Paraphrase of Figurative Language
Figurative & Idiomatic Language
Identify Denotative Meaning
Identify Connotative Meaning
Choosing Words with Appropriate Connotation
Identify Words That Create Tone
Compare Word Choices for Tone Effects
Connotation, Denotation & Tone
Using Prefixes to Determine Meaning
Using Suffixes to Determine Meaning
Using Greek & Latin Roots
Identify Word Families
Choosing the Correct Word Form
Word Parts, Roots & Word Families
Identify Academic Vocabulary in Context
Choosing Precise Academic Vocabulary
Distinguish General & Domain Specific Terms
Using Context to Interpret Domain Specific Terms
Academic & Domain Specific Vocabulary
Identify Vague or Overly General Words
Identify Wordiness & Redundancy
Choosing Strong Verbs
Choosing the Most Precise Synonym
Precision, Clarity & Word Choice
Identify a Researchable Question
Distinguish Broad & Narrow Questions
Identify Keywords for Research
Identify the Best Research Question for a Topic
Research Questions & Focus
Identify Primary & Secondary Sources
Distinguish Scholarly & Popular Sources
Identify Reference & Background Sources
Identify Source Purpose
Types of Sources & Information
Identify Author Expertise
Evaluate Evidence Quality in a Source
Identify Reliable vs Unreliable Claims
Evaluate Publication Reputation
Identify Red Flags for Misinformation
Evaluate Credibility & Reliability
Identify Bias in Source Language
Identify Perspective & Stakeholders
Distinguish Fact from Opinion in Sources
Identify Persuasive Techniques in Sources
Bias, Perspective & Purpose in Sources
Identify Accurate Paraphrases
Identify Accurate Summaries
Distinguish Paraphrase from Summary
Identify Patchwriting
Choosing When to Quote
Paraphrasing, Summarizing & Quoting
Identify Effective Source Integration
Distinguish Evidence from Commentary in Research Writing
Identify Signal Phrases
Identify Dropped Quotations
Identify the Best Evidence for a Claim
Integrating Sources into Writing
Identify Plagiarism
Identify Correct Attribution
Distinguish Common Knowledge from Source Information
Identify the Best Revision to Avoid Plagiarism
Plagiarism & Academic Integrity
Identify Required Citation Elements
Identify In Text Citation Purpose
Identify Which Information Needs Citation
Matching a Citation to a Source Description
Citation Basics
How can 9th Grade ELA review stay engaging as students adjust to high-school course expectations and more complex reasoning while keeping students focused on reading, language, interpretation, and evidence?
For ninth graders, I’d make the thinking itself part of what makes review engaging. Students are entering high school, where they’re being asked to read more independently, support interpretations more carefully, and explain not only what they think but why. Review can give them practice with those expectations without making every activity feel like another test.
Try building questions around choices that are worth discussing: Which inference is best supported? Which sentence creates the strongest tone? Which piece of evidence actually proves the claim? Which revision improves the sentence without changing its meaning? Students have something to figure out, defend, compare, or reconsider instead of simply waiting to see whether they remembered a definition.
I also like varied response cycles. A quick grammar or terminology question can move fast, while a passage-based interpretation deserves more thinking time. Some questions can end with an answer; others can continue with “What supports that?” or a chance to revise after seeing another interpretation.
Most importantly, the game should create energy around the ELA thinking, not compete with it. Scores, teams, movement, and friendly competition can provide momentum, but students should still spend most of their mental effort reading, interpreting, choosing evidence, and explaining ideas. That balance is especially useful in ninth grade: you’re raising expectations while still helping students learn how to meet them.
How can question-based high school ELA review strengthen retrieval of reading and language knowledge while still requiring students to apply it?
Retrieval practice doesn’t have to mean memorizing disconnected facts. In ELA, students need ready access to vocabulary, literary and informational-text concepts, grammar rules, language conventions, and the terminology they use to discuss texts. Retrieving that knowledge can be the beginning of a question rather than the end of it.
For example, students might first retrieve what an inference is and then make one from a short passage. They might recall a rule for pronoun agreement and then edit a sentence. They might identify what tone means, determine the tone of a passage, and select the word choice that contributes most strongly to it.
Research on retrieval practice supports having learners actively bring previously learned information back to mind, and research has also found benefits on questions requiring comprehension and inference. That makes retrieval especially useful for ELA when we connect remembered knowledge to meaningful application.
I’d think of it as a simple progression: retrieve, then use. Ninth graders still need fluent access to the language of ELA, but high-school review should increasingly ask them to do something with that knowledge: interpret, edit, compare, select evidence, explain, or write. That keeps retrieval useful without letting review turn into a vocabulary contest.
Which review formats best fit reading comprehension, language conventions, interpretation, and evidence-based responses in high school ELA?
The best format depends on the thinking you want students to do. I wouldn’t put every ELA question into the same fast-paced game simply because the format is fun.
- Quick-response formats work nicely for terminology, grammar recognition, sentence-level conventions, and some vocabulary-in-context questions.
- Editing formats are better when students need to find an error, apply a convention, and choose or create a correction.
- Passage-based questions need enough time for students to read carefully before answering comprehension, inference, author's-choice, or interpretation questions.
- Evidence-selection tasks work well when students must choose among plausible quotations or details rather than simply locate an obvious answer.
- Discussion or partner-comparison formats fit questions where more than one interpretation initially seems reasonable and students need to compare support.
- Short constructed responses are worth using when you need students to connect a claim, evidence, and explanation.
The key is matching the pace to the cognitive demand. A student may be able to identify a comma error in seconds but need several minutes to read a passage, form an interpretation, locate strong evidence, and explain the connection. Giving both tasks the same countdown can accidentally reward speed rather than ELA skill.
Game mechanics can change from day to day. The intellectual demand of the question should determine what students actually have time to do.
How can 9th Grade ELA review reveal which reading, language, or analysis skills students still need to practice?
I’d look for patterns in how students are getting questions wrong, not just the number they miss. Two students can choose the same incorrect answer for completely different reasons, and those reasons point toward different next steps.
For example, one student may not remember what an inference is. Another may know the definition perfectly but make an inference the passage doesn’t support. A student may identify evidence related to the topic but consistently choose weaker evidence than a better alternative. Someone else may understand the passage and select strong evidence but struggle to explain how it supports the interpretation.
Language questions can reveal similar differences. Does the student not know the convention, recognize it but fail to apply it, or apply it correctly in isolation but miss it inside a longer piece of writing?
I’d also be careful about confusing reading load with weakness in the target skill. If a student can apply a convention in sentences but struggles when the same question is buried in a demanding passage, the obstacle may not be the convention itself.
That distinction matters as students enter high school. Some ninth graders understand the ELA concept but are still adjusting to longer directions, more independent reading, multi-step questions, and greater responsibility for managing the task. Review gives you a useful opportunity to separate “doesn't know it yet” from “knows it, but isn't successfully using it under these conditions.”
How can 9th Grade ELA review keep every student actively thinking as students adjust to high-school course expectations and more complex reasoning, rather than relying on the fastest or most confident responders?
One of the simplest changes is to give every student something to decide before anyone gets to explain. Ninth graders need increasing independence, but independence grows through actually doing the thinking—not watching a confident classmate do it.
For an interpretation question, have everyone choose an answer first. For an evidence question, everyone selects the strongest evidence. For a language question, everyone makes the correction. For a more complicated prompt, students might write one sentence explaining their reasoning before discussion begins.
Then you can open things up: compare with a partner, defend two competing answers, ask a rotating student to explain, or let students revise their original response after discussion. Simultaneous response methods can be especially useful because you see the thinking of the whole room rather than the thinking of the three students whose hands always go up.
I like the rhythm of think first, explain second, revise when worthwhile. It keeps discussion lively without allowing discussion to replace individual thought.
That fits the ninth-grade transition nicely. You can expect students to take more responsibility for forming an interpretation or attempting a solution on their own while still giving them structured opportunities to compare, explain, and improve that thinking.
How can teachers keep high school ELA review low-prep while still using worthwhile reading and language questions?
Low-prep review works best when the routine is reusable and the academic value comes from the questions. You don’t need a brand-new activity structure every time you review.
A prepared question bank, a familiar team routine, recurring response formats, editing sets, and short passages can all reduce preparation. One good passage can do a surprising amount of work. Instead of finding six separate activities, you might use the same passage for questions about comprehension, vocabulary in context, inference, author's choices, interpretation, and textual evidence.
The same principle works at sentence level. A small set of carefully chosen sentences can support convention identification, correction, explanation of the applicable rule, and comparison between revisions.
I’d also reuse response structures. Students can become familiar with routines such as:
- answer and justify;
- choose the strongest evidence;
- correct and explain;
- compare two interpretations;
- revise the response.
Once students know what those routines require, you can change the ELA content without rebuilding the activity.
Low-prep should mean less teacher setup, not less student thinking. If I had limited preparation time, I’d spend it on worthwhile passages, examples, and questions before I spent it designing complicated rules, elaborate materials, or new game mechanics.
How can 9th Grade ELA review move beyond vocabulary recall to interpretation and evidence-based thinking?
Vocabulary and terminology still matter. Students need words such as inference, theme, connotation, and claim if they’re going to think and communicate clearly about ELA. The trick is not stopping at “Define this term.”
I’d build questions along a progression. Students might identify or recognize a concept first, then apply it to a sentence or passage, make an inference, interpret an author's choice, compare possible interpretations, select evidence, and explain why that evidence supports their reasoning.
Take vocabulary in context. A recognition question might ask for the meaning of a word. A stronger application question gives students the passage and asks which meaning fits here. You can push it further by asking how that particular word affects tone or why replacing it with a near-synonym would change the passage.
Evidence questions can progress in the same way. Instead of merely locating a quotation related to an interpretation, give students several relevant details and ask which provides the strongest support. Then ask why.
Research-based guidance on learning recommends both active retrieval and deeper explanatory questions. That combination fits ninth-grade ELA beautifully: students retrieve what they know, apply it in context, and increasingly explain the reasoning behind their answer.
How should 9th Grade ELA review go beyond vocabulary recall to reading, language, interpretation, and evidence?
A complete ninth-grade review should look like the course students are actually taking. That means terminology has a place, but it should sit alongside reading, language, analysis, evidence, and writing rather than dominating the review.
I’d aim for a purposeful mixture of tasks that asks students to:
- retrieve important ELA concepts and terminology;
- comprehend literary and informational passages;
- determine vocabulary meaning in context;
- apply grammar, usage, and language conventions;
- make and support inferences;
- interpret theme, central idea, tone, and author's choices;
- select strong textual evidence;
- compare ideas, texts, evidence, or interpretations;
- explain reasoning; and
- produce and revise short constructed responses.
That balance matters because high-school ELA asks students to connect skills. Reading standards for grades 9–10, for example, expect students to support analysis and inference with strong textual evidence, while writing expectations ask them to support claims with relevant evidence and reasoning.
So I wouldn’t judge the completeness of a review by how many terms it covers. I’d ask a different question: Are students practicing the kinds of reading, language, interpretation, evidence use, and explanation they'll actually need?
For ninth graders especially, that gives review a second purpose. Students aren't only revisiting course content; they're practicing how the pieces of high-school ELA fit together.
How can high school ELA review-game responses reveal whether students can apply reading and language skills rather than only recall terms?
The response you ask students to produce determines what you can learn from it. If I only ask students to define a term, I can find out whether they can retrieve that definition—but I can't assume they can apply the concept in a passage.
Different responses provide different evidence:
- A definition can show access to terminology.
- Identifying a convention can show recognition.
- Correcting a sentence can show whether students can apply that convention.
- Answering a passage question can reveal comprehension.
- Selecting among pieces of evidence can show whether students recognize appropriate support.
- Explaining why the evidence works can reveal more about reasoning.
- A constructed response can show how students integrate reading, evidence, explanation, and writing.
This is what makes review useful as formative assessment. Classroom questions and tasks can do more than generate right-or-wrong scores; they can provide evidence about students' current understanding that helps you decide what to teach, reteach, or practice next.
With ninth graders, I’d deliberately vary the response demand. If students consistently succeed at recognition but stumble when asked to edit, explain, or support an interpretation, that tells you something much more useful than a review score alone.
How closely should 9th Grade ELA review match the cognitive demands of the real assessment?
Review should prepare students for the thinking required by the assessment, but it doesn't have to imitate the assessment's appearance every day.
If an assessment expects students to read a passage independently, infer meaning, analyze word choice, apply conventions, compare ideas, select textual evidence, or construct an explanation, then students need meaningful opportunities to practice those same kinds of thinking. A review made entirely of rapid recognition questions won't fully prepare them for an assessment that requires sustained reading and explanation.
That doesn't mean every review needs to become a practice test. You can still use teams, movement, games, partner discussion, quick rounds, and competition. Just preserve the important cognitive work inside the activity. Give students enough time to read when reading matters. Require evidence when evidence matters. Ask for an explanation when the assessment expects students to explain.
I’d also gradually increase independence. Early in ninth grade, students may benefit from more visible prompts—“Make an inference, then choose your evidence.” Later, they can be asked a question that requires them to recognize for themselves that inference and evidence are needed.
That gradual shift helps review bridge students into high-school assessment expectations instead of suddenly expecting high-school independence only on test day.
How can feedback during 9th Grade ELA review help students correct language errors or strengthen an interpretation?
The most useful feedback gives students somewhere to go next. During review, I’d resist turning every wrong answer into an immediate teacher explanation. Ninth graders can increasingly do some of the correcting themselves when the cue points them toward the actual problem.
The cue should fit the error. If the problem is terminology, clarify the concept. For a grammar or convention error, ask, “What rule applies here?” If a student misread the passage, send them back to the relevant sentence. If the inference is unsupported, try, “Which line supports that?” If two pieces of evidence are possible, ask, “Which evidence is stronger, and why?”
An incomplete interpretation might need a prompt such as “What part haven't you explained yet?” A weak constructed response may benefit more from revision than from simply seeing the correct answer.
Research on feedback consistently points toward information that helps learners move their work forward rather than vague judgments about performance. Just as importantly, students need an opportunity to use the feedback.
That makes correction part of the review rather than the end of it. Let students change the sentence, replace the evidence, strengthen the explanation, or revise the interpretation. In ninth grade, those little revision cycles are valuable practice in taking greater responsibility for the quality of their own work.
How can peer discussion during high school ELA review help students explain interpretations, compare reasoning, and use evidence?
Peer discussion is most useful when students bring an idea to the conversation rather than using the conversation to avoid forming one. I’d have students think independently first, then use discussion to test and extend that thinking.
For example, students can privately choose an interpretation and supporting evidence before comparing with a partner. Now the conversation has substance: Did they interpret the passage differently? Did they choose different evidence for the same interpretation? Is one quotation more convincing? Does one explanation make the connection between evidence and claim more clearly?
Useful prompts include:
- “Which evidence supports your interpretation?”
- “Where do your explanations differ?”
- “Which response is better supported?”
- “What changed your thinking?”
Research on peer discussion has shown that students can improve their responses to conceptual questions after discussing their reasoning with peers, although that research isn't specific to ninth-grade ELA. The classroom principle still gives us a useful structure to work with: individual thinking, purposeful discussion, then another opportunity to respond.
ELA is particularly well suited to that structure because students need to learn that interpretations aren't strengthened by confidence alone. They become stronger when students can explain them, support them with the text, consider another reading, and revise when another explanation is better supported.
When should 9th Grade ELA review mix topics, skills, or question types instead of practicing one at a time?
I’d use both blocked and mixed practice, but for different purposes. Blocked practice keeps students focused on one skill or question type. Mixed practice requires them to switch among skills and increasingly decide for themselves what kind of thinking a question requires.
Blocked practice makes sense when a ninth grader is learning a new high-school routine, a skill is still shaky, or you need to correct one specific misconception. If students are struggling to distinguish strong from weak textual evidence, for example, a concentrated set of evidence questions gives them repeated opportunities to notice what makes one choice stronger.
Once students have some control of individual skills, mixing becomes more useful. A review might move from vocabulary in context to a convention question, then inference, evidence selection, author's choice, and a short explanation. Now students aren't being told, “Here are ten inference questions.” They have to read each task and determine what it requires.
Research on interleaving suggests that mixed practice can help learners discriminate among problem types and select an appropriate strategy, although much classroom research has been conducted in mathematics rather than ELA. I’d apply that principle cautiously rather than assuming mixed practice is always better.
For ninth graders, a gradual movement from focused practice toward mixed, cumulative review makes particular sense. High-school work increasingly expects students to recognize what a task demands without having the strategy announced for them. Mixed review can give them practice making that decision while the stakes are still low.
Sources & Further Reading
- Institute of Education Sciences: Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning — Evidence-based guidance on retrieval through quizzing, identifying material that needs further study, and using deeper explanatory questions.
- Karpicke & Blunt: Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning Than Elaborative Studying with Concept Mapping — Primary research on retrieval practice, including transfer to questions involving comprehension and inference.
- Karpicke & Roediger: Repeated Retrieval During Learning Is the Key to Long-Term Retention — Primary research examining the effects of repeated retrieval on later retention.
- Education Endowment Foundation: Teacher Feedback to Improve Pupil Learning — Evidence-informed guidance on formative assessment, effective feedback, and giving students opportunities to act on feedback.
- Education Endowment Foundation: Embedding Formative Assessment — Explains formative assessment strategies including eliciting evidence through questions and tasks, peer learning, student ownership, and feedback.
- Smith et al.: Why Peer Discussion Improves Student Performance on In-Class Concept Questions — Primary research examining how individual responses followed by peer discussion can support conceptual understanding.
- Common Core State Standards: Grades 9–10 Reading Literature — Grade-band expectations for textual evidence, inference, theme, analysis, word choice, and other literary-reading demands.
- Common Core State Standards: Grades 9–10 Informational Text — Grade-band expectations for evidence, central ideas, analysis, vocabulary in context, and informational-text reading.
- Common Core State Standards: Grades 9–10 Writing — Grade-band expectations for claims, reasoning, evidence, analysis, writing, and revision.


